![Informal worker in Johannesburg](webp/informality.jpg1bfe.webp)
Formalization
More than 6 workers among 10 and 4 enterprises among 5 in the world operate in the informal economy. Contrary to the old forecasts, informality has not diminished over time and is even increasing in many countries. Informal economies are typically characterized by a high incidence of poverty and severe decent work deficits. Without formalization, decent work for all and equity in society will remain an illusion. In 2015, the ILO adopted the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendation. The Recommendation is a powerful tool to advance towards the attainment of SDGs. During the last years, a growing number of countries worldwide have developed strategies and policies to facilitate transition to formality. Social partners are also developing their relations with workers and enterprises in the informal economy.
Formalization of the economy is a complex and long term process that often requires to combine interventions on laws and regulations with those aiming to foster productivity and the ability to generate wealth. For part of the workforce, the reduction of decent work deficits is the first step toward a progressive formalization in the longer term. The significant reduction of informality in some countries illustrates that achieving results is largely possible.
News and articles
![Assistant Director-General Manuela Tomei addresses the conference](webp/manuela%20tomei.jpg6c53.webp)
ILO and EUROSTAT host global conference on measuring new forms of employment
![Video interview with Rafael Diez de Medina, Director of ILO’s Department of Statistics](webp/rafael-diez-de-medina-stat-video-1280x500.jpga8be.webp)
Video interview
Why labour statistics matter
Publications
Strengthening women’s cooperatives: The experience of SEWA Cooperative Federation
Informality and Structural Transformation in Egypt, Iraq and Jordan
SOLIFEM
Guidance on leveraging sustainability pathways to accelerate formalization
Projects
Project
Promoting Decent Work For Syrians Under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens
JEUN’ESS: Promotion of Social and Solidarity Economy and Creation of Decent Jobs for Tunisian Youth
Ongoing and upcoming events
Webinar Series
Arab Social Protection Compass “Towards Integrated Approaches for Universal Social Protection”
Key issues
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International Labour Standard
R204 - Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendation
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At its 104th Session (2015), the ILC adopted R204, based on strong tripartite consensus and near unanimous vote, following a two-year process of consultations.
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Theory of change
Transition from the informal to the formal economy
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This umbrella theory of change provides the main pathways for the transition to formality of workers and enterprises. It is a general framework that can inform the development of theories of change focused on a specific sector, occupational groups, forms of informality or policy areas.
Statistics on informality
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Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical update
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This report provides a snapshot of the situation in 2019 and trends in selected countries since 2020.
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Methodological note
Diagnosis of informality
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This methodological note presents the 10 steps of diagnoses of informality allowing for flexibility depending on national circumstances.
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Browse through various indicators & countries (please use Chrome or Mozilla browsers).
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Women and men in the informal economy: a statistical picture (3rd edition)
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This publication provides for the 1st time comparable estimates on the size of the informal economy & a statistical profile of informality in all its diversity at the global and regional levels.
Support and training
![An illustration showing three helpdesk staff.](webp/helpdesk-hero-image.png5ef7.webp)
ILO Helpdesk for Business on International Labour Standards
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Training Programmes on formalization